| update.packages {utils} | R Documentation |
These functions can be used to automatically compare the version numbers of installed packages with the newest available version on the repositories and update outdated packages on the fly.
update.packages(lib.loc = NULL, repos = getOption("repos"),
contriburl = contrib.url(repos, type),
method, instlib = NULL, ask = TRUE, available = NULL,
..., checkBuilt = FALSE,
type = getOption("pkgType"))
available.packages(contriburl = contrib.url(getOption("repos")),
method, fields = NULL)
old.packages(lib.loc = NULL, repos = getOption("repos"),
contriburl = contrib.url(repos),
method, available = NULL, checkBuilt = FALSE)
new.packages(lib.loc = NULL, repos = getOption("repos"),
contriburl = contrib.url(repos, type),
method, available = NULL, ask = FALSE, ...,
type = getOption("pkgType"))
download.packages(pkgs, destdir, available = NULL,
repos = getOption("repos"),
contriburl = contrib.url(repos, type),
method, type = getOption("pkgType"))
install.packages(pkgs, lib, repos = getOption("repos"),
contriburl = contrib.url(repos, type),
method, available = NULL, destdir = NULL,
installWithVers = FALSE, dependencies = NA,
type = getOption("pkgType"),
configure.args = character(0),
clean = FALSE)
contrib.url(repos, type = getOption("pkgType"))
lib.loc |
character vector describing the location of R library trees to search through (and update packages therein). |
repos |
character vector, the base URL(s) of the repositories
to use, i.e., the URL of the CRAN master such as
"http://cran.r-project.org" or its Statlib mirror,
"http://lib.stat.cmu.edu/R/CRAN".
Can be NULL to install from local ‘.tar.gz’ files.
|
contriburl |
URL(s) of the contrib sections of the
repositories. Use this argument only if your repository mirror is
incomplete, e.g., because you burned only the ‘contrib’ section on a
CD. Overrides argument repos.
Can also be NULL to install from local ‘.tar.gz’ files.
|
method |
Download method, see download.file. |
pkgs |
character vector of the short names of packages/bundles whose
current versions should be downloaded from the repositories.
If repos = NULL, a character vector of file paths of
‘.tar.gz’ files. These can be source archives or binary
package/bundle archive files (as created by R CMD build --binary).
Tilde-expansion will be done on the file paths.
If this is a zero-length character vector, a listbox of available
packages (including those contained in bundles) is presented where
possible.
|
destdir |
directory where downloaded packages are stored. |
available |
an object listing packages available at the repositories
as returned by available.packages. |
lib |
character vector giving the library directories where to
install the packages. Recycled as needed. If missing, defaults to
.libPaths()[1]. |
ask |
logical indicating whether to ask user before packages
are actually downloaded and installed, or the character string
"graphics", which brings up a widget to allow the user to
(de-)select from the list of packages which could be updated. The
latter only works on systems with a GUI version of
select.list, and is otherwise equivalent to ask
= TRUE.
|
installWithVers |
If TRUE, will invoke the install of the
package such that it can be referenced by package version. |
checkBuilt |
If TRUE, a package built under an earlier
minor version of R is considered to be ‘old’. |
instlib |
character string giving the library directory where to install the packages. |
dependencies |
logical indicating to also install uninstalled
packages on which these packages depend/suggest/import
(and so on recursively). Not used if repos = NULL.
Can also be a character vector, a subset of
c("Depends", "Imports", "Suggests").
Only supported if lib is of length one (or missing),
so it is unambiguous where to install the dependent packages.
The default, NA, means c("Depends", "Imports") if
lib is unambiguous, and FALSE otherwise.
|
configure.args |
a character vector or a named list.
If a character vector with no names is supplied, the elements are
concatenated into a single string (separated by a space) and used
as the value for the --configure-args
flag in the call to R CMD INSTALL.
If the character vector has names, these are assumed to identify
values for --configure-args for individual packages.
This allows one to specify settings for an entire collection of packages
which will be used if any of those packages are installed.
These settings can therefore be reused and act as default settings.
A named list can be used also to the same effect, and that
allows multi-element character strings for each package
which are concatenated to a single string to be used as the
value for --configure-args.
|
... |
(for update.packages). Arguments such as destdir,
installWithVers and dependencies to be passed to
install.packages.
(for new.packages). Arguments such as destdir
and dependencies to be passed to install.packages. |
type |
character, indicating the type of package to download and
install.
Possible values are "source" (the default except under the
CRAN Mac OS X build), "mac.binary" and "win.binary"
(which can be downloaded but not installed).
|
clean |
a logical value indicating whether to specify
to add the --clean flag to the call to R CMD INSTALL.
This is sometimes used to perform additional operations at the end
of the package installation in addition to removing intermediate files.
|
fields |
a character vector giving the fields to extract from
the PACKAGES file(s) in addition to the default ones, or
NULL (default). Unavailable fields result in NA
values.
|
All of these functions work with the names of a package or bundle (and
not the component packages of a bundle, except for
install.packages if the repository provides the necessary
information).
available.packages returns a matrix of details corresponding to
packages/bundles currently available at one or more repositories. The
current list of packages is downloaded over the internet (or copied
from a local mirror). It returns only packages whose version
requirements are met by the running version of R.
old.packages compares the information from
available.packages with that from
installed.packages and reports installed
packages/bundles that have newer versions on the repositories or, if
checkBuilt = TRUE, that were built under an earlier minor
version of R (for example built under 2.0.x when running R 2.1.1).
new.packages does the same comparison but reports uninstalled
packages/bundles that are available at the repositories. It will also
give warnings about incompletely installed bundles (provided the
information is available) and bundles whose contents has changed.
If ask != FALSE it asks which packages should be installed
in the first element of lib.loc. NB: versioned installs are
not installs of a named package.
download.packages takes a list of package/bundle names and a
destination directory, downloads the newest versions and saves them in
destdir. If the list of available packages is not given as
argument, it is obtained from repositories. If a repository is local,
i.e., the URL starts with "file:", then the packages are not
downloaded but used directly. (Both "file:" and
"file:///" are allowed as prefixes to a file path, the latter
for an absolute file path.)
The main function of the set is update.packages. First a list
of all packages/bundles found in lib.loc is created and
compared with those available at the repositories. If ask =
TRUE (the default) packages/bundles with a newer version are
reported and for each one the user can specify if it should be
updated.
If so, the package sources are downloaded from the repositories and
installed in the respective library path (or instlib
if specified) using the R INSTALL mechanism.
install.packages can be used to install new
packages/bundles. It takes a vector of names and a destination
library, downloads the packages from the repositories and installs
them. (If the library is omitted it defaults to the first directory
in .libPaths(), with a warning if there is more than one.) If
lib is omitted or is of length one and is not a (group)
writeable directory, the code offers to create a personal library tree
(the first element of Sys.getenv("R_LIBS_USER") and install
there.
An attempt is made to install the packages in an order that respects
their dependencies. This does assume that all the entries in
lib are on the default library path for installs (set by
R_LIBS).
contrib.url adds the appropriate type-specific path within a
repository to each URL in repos.
For install.packages, destdir
is the directory to which packages will be downloaded. If it is
NULL (the default) a directory downloaded_packages of
the session temporary directory will be used (and the files will be
deleted at the end of the session).
If repos or contriburl is a vector of length greater than
one, the newest version of the package compatible with this version of R
is fetched from the first repository on the list within which it is found.
For available.packages, a matrix
with one row per package/bundle, row names the package names and
column names "Package", "Version", "Priority",
"Bundle", "Depends", "Imports", "Suggests"
"Contains" and "Repository". Additional columns can
be specified using the fields argument.
For old.packages, NULL or a matrix with one row per
package/bundle, row names the package names and column names
"Package", "LibPath", "Installed" (the version),
"Built" (the version built under), "ReposVer" and
"Repository".
For new.packages a character vector of package/bundle names,
after any have been installed.
For download.packages, a two-column matrix of names and
destination file names, for those packages/bundles successfully
downloaded. If packages are not available or there is a problem with
the download, suitable warnings are given.
install.packages and update.packages have no return value.
Take care when using dependencies with update.packages,
for it is unclear where new dependencies should be installed. The
current implementation will only allow it if all the packages to be
updated are in a single library, when that library will be used.
Some binary distributions of R have INSTALL in a separate
bundle, e.g. an R-devel RPM. install.packages will
give an error if called on such a system.
installed.packages, remove.packages
See download.file for how to handle proxies and
other options to monitor file transfers.
INSTALL, REMOVE,
library, .packages, read.dcf
## Not run:
install.packages(c("XML_0.99-5.tar.gz",
"../../Interfaces/Perl/RSPerl_0.8-0.tar.gz"),
repos = NULL,
configure.args = c(XML = '--with-xml-config=xml-config',
RSPerl = "--with-modules='IO Fcntl'"))
## End(Not run)