RELATIVE CLAUSES & PARTICIPLES

Table of contents:

6A: Relative Clauses

6.1: Type I clauses
6.2: Type II clauses

6B: Participles

6.3: Active & Passive participles
6.4: Prepositional participles

The following prescriptions are followed in constructing relative clauses.

the relativized word is attached to one of the braces "<", ">", "(" "(", "[", "]" such that the subordinate clause is "pointed at".
The generation of the relativized word is indicated by the brace used: "<"/"> for generation #1, "("/")" for generation #2 and "[","]" for genatation #3.
Where the relativized noun is absent ("-- you know who comes--"), the braces are attached to the verb.

6.1: Type I clauses:

When the subject (object) or the main clause coincides with the object (subject) of the subordinate clause. For example:

"px v u"	"i N px"
"[a] bird sees you"	"I know [the] bird"

"i N px>v u"
I know bird REL see you
"I know the bird that sees you"

Likewise:		"i N px)f+u"
		I know the bird that fears you

and:		"i N px>v"
		"I know the bird that sees"

but:		"i N px)f_"
		"I know the bird that fears"

The relativized noun can simply be dropped in the above sentences without trouble. Also:

_i N>v u_

"I know the one that sees you"

_i N)f+u_

"I know the one that fears you"

_i N>v_

"I know the one that sees"

_i N)f_

"I know the one that fears"

Again, for example:

"i N px"	"px v u"
"I know [a] bird"	"[the] bird sees you"

"i N<px v u"
I know REL bird see you
"the bird that I know sees you"

Likewise:		"i\f(px v u"
		"the bird that I fear sees you"

and:		"i\f(px v"
		"the bird that I fear sees"

Also:		"i N<v u"
		"the one that I know sees you"

		"i\f(v u"
		"the one that I fear sees you"

		"i\f(v"
		"the one that I fear sees/looks on"

6.2: Type II clauses

Here the subject (object) in the main clause coincides with the subject (object) in the subordinate clause. For ex.,

"i N px"	"u v px"
"I know [a] bird"	"you see [the] bird"

Combining the above two sentences using a relativizer:

	"u v0i N<px"
	you see 0 I know REL bird
	"you see the bird that I know"

and	"u v0i N<"
	"you see the one that I know"

If the postposition should fall within the subordinate clause, it is transformed into a pre-verbal affix seperated from the verb by an underscore mark.

"e m px's"	"u v px"
They move with [a] bird	"you see [the] bird"

u v0e s_m

you see 0 they with_move REL bird

"you see the bird with whom they move"

On the other hand, if it falls within the mail clause, it is left as such.

"e v px"	"u m px's"
They see [a] bird	"you see [the] bird"

u m0e v

you move 0 they see REL bird ` with

you move the bird that they see.

Eg.:	_px N i_	_px v u_
	"[a] bird knows me"	"[the] bird sees you"

	"px>N i0v u"
	bird REL know me 0 see you
	"the bird that knows me sees you"

Likewise:	"px)f+u0N i"
	"the bird that fears you knows me"

and	">N i0v u" (or) "i N/v u"
	"the one that knows me sees you"

VIB: Participles

Participial constructions are derived from relative clauses (Section VI.1) by suppressing agents and patients as necessary in the relative clause.

Active participles:

Eg.:		_i N px>v u_
		"I know the bird that sees you"

gives:		_i N px>v_
		"I know the bird that see"/ "I know the seeing bird"

Eg.:		"i N>v u"
		"I know the one that sees you"

gives:		"i N>v"
		"I know the seeing one"

Thus, "px>v" means "seeing bird" and ">v" means "the seeing one". Of course, ">" is changed to ")" or "]" if the generation of the bird/one requires it.

Passive Participles

Eg.:		"i N<px v u"
		"the bird that I know sees you"

gives:		"N<px v u"
		"the one that I know sees you"

Eg.:		"i N<v u"
		"the one that I know sees you"

gives:		"N<v u"
		"the known one sees you"

Thus, "N<px" means "known bird" and "N<" means "the known one". Of course, "<" is changed to "(" or "[" if the generation of the bird/one requires it.

6.4: Prepositional participles:

Intransitive verbs with prepostions can be rendered transitive with a prepostion prefixed ahead of an "_" mark, and this can be used in participles.

Eg.:		"u v0i s_m<px"
		you see 0 I with_move REL bird
		"you see the bird with which I move"

gives:		"s_m<px"
		"the bird moved with (by someone)"

and		"s_m<"
		"the with-moved one"