| Name | Alexander G. Kosovichev |
| Affiliation | New Jersey Institute of Technology, USA |
| Title | Helioseismic observations of torsional oscillations and constraints on solar-cycle theories |
| Authors | Alexander G. Kosovichev |
| Abstract | Helioseismological observations of the internal dynamics of the Sun during the last two solar activity cycles make it possible to trace the development of solar dynamo processes throughout the depth of the convective zone and to link them with models of solar cycles. Observational data obtained from the GONG (1995-2020), SoHO (1996-2010) and SDO (2010-2020) represent measurements of the internal differential rotation, meridional circulation, and thermodynamic parameters. The structure and dynamics of zonal plasma flows (torsional oscillations) reveal the processes of generation and transport of magnetic fields inside the Sun. The observed structure of zonal flows and their latitudinal and radial migration in deep layers of the convective zone correspond to dynamo waves predicted by dynamo theories and numerical MHD simulations. The data reveal that the subsurface rotational shear layer (leptocline) plays a key role in the formation of the magnetic butterfly diagram. The helioseismic observations strongly support Parker's theory of solar cycles. |
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