Astronomers have investigated a Coronal Mass Ejection (CME) that travelled all the way from the Sun to Earth in March 2023, through a coronal hole, an opening in the Sun’s magnetic field lines, leading to leakage of solar wind streams. The study highlighted how a subtle solar CME could trigger intense geomagnetic storms on earth increasing the challenges of forecasting the effects of space weather. 

This study was published in the Astrophysical Journal titled "An Intense Geomagnetic Storm Originated from Stealth Coronal Mass Ejection: Remote and In Situ Observations by Near Radially Aligned Spacecraft", by P. Vemareddy and K. Selva Bharathi.

The PIB press release is here.

The DST press release is here.

The paper can be downloaded from here.